Chamber and committees

Yes. Talks are on-going with all stakeholders and the legal sector.

Good morning, convener, and good morning, committee. Thank you for the opportunity to speak to the committee about the Legal Aid and Advice and Assistance (Miscellaneous Amendment) (Scotland) (No 4) Regulations 2023.

The instrument has been brought forward to deliver changes to existing legal aid regulations, primarily to ensure continuing access to justice in Scotland. It makes provision to ensure that legal advice and assistance will be available to persons arrested under section 27 of the National Security Act 2023. Schedule 6 of that act will, if commenced, create a procedural framework for the arrest of persons reasonably suspected to be involved in “foreign power threat activity”.

Current provision for legal advice and assistance does not cover all the circumstances of detention for such activity, and the regulations will make further provision to ensure that an appropriate regime is in place so that advice and assistance by way of representation can be provided to persons arrested under these provisions in the 2023 act. Without additional provision, there is a risk of persons arrested under the 2023 act being unable to access legal advice, assistance or representation. Similar provision is already in place for those detained under anti-terrorism legislation.

The instrument will also make provision for any carer support payment to be disregarded by the Scottish Legal Aid Board when assessing a person’s financial eligibility for civil legal aid, or children’s legal assistance, and for such payments to be excluded from the recovery where a person has a liability to the Scottish legal aid fund as a result of civil legal aid proceedings. Carer support payment is intended to improve outcomes for unpaid carers by providing financial assistance to those providing regular and substantial care to someone in receipt of a qualifying disability benefit.

Finally, the instrument makes minor amendments and corrections to regulations relating to counsel fees in respect of civil and criminal legal aid.

Convener, that was a brief overview of the regulations and their context. I am happy to answer questions.

Thank you, convener, and good morning. The draft regulations will, if passed, amend the First-tier Tribunal for Scotland Local Taxation Chamber and Upper Tribunal for Scotland (Composition) Regulations 2023, the Council Tax (Alteration of Lists and Appeals) (Scotland) Regulations 1993 and the Council Tax Reduction (Scotland) Regulations 2021.

A suite of regulations to effect the transfer of functions of the council tax reduction review panel and the valuation appeal committees to the local taxation chamber of the First-tier Tribunal for Scotland came into force on 1 April 2023. At the same time, some limited functions of the Lands Tribunal for Scotland were transferred to the Upper Tribunal. They related to non-domestic rates valuation appeals and referrals. Prior to the transfer of functions, those appeals or referrals were from the valuation appeal committees.

The draft regulations amend the composition of the Upper Tribunal when it hears appeals or referrals from the local taxation chamber. They align the composition of the Upper Tribunal when it hears valuation rating appeals with its composition when it hears all other appeals.

The draft regulations also amend the timescales that are set out in the Council Tax (Alteration of Lists and Appeals) (Scotland) Regulations 1993. Prior to the transfer of functions, an assessor had six months in which to carry out certain functions when they were of the opinion that a proposed alteration of a council tax valuation band was not well founded. That time period was substituted in transfer regulations to create a period of six weeks. Following representations from stakeholders, there are concerns that that timeframe is overambitious, so the draft regulations will amend it back to six months.

The draft regulations also make a consequential amendment to regulation 94 of the Council Tax Reduction (Scotland) Regulations 2021.

The president of the Scottish tribunals was consulted with regard to the regulations, in line with the requirements of the Tribunals (Scotland) Act 2014. I understand that the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee considered the draft regulations on 30 May and was content with them.

I am happy to answer any questions, convener.

Good morning, convener and committee. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to speak to you about the Trusts and Succession (Scotland) Bill, which is the second Scottish Law Commission bill to be introduced this session.

Trusts are an important legal structure in Scotland. In modern society, they are used as solutions in an incredibly wide variety of situations, as the committee has heard in its evidence. They are used extensively by charities and pension funds; in commercial transactions to set funds aside to deal with future liabilities; in individual estate planning; and to protect and administer assets on behalf of vulnerable people such as children, and adults with incapacity and disabilities.

Scots law, however, has not kept up to date with the increasing variety of situations in which trusts are used. The bill aims to modernise the law of trusts and take forward all the substantive recommendations on reform that are contained in the Scottish Law Commission’s report on trusts.

Given the versatility of trusts and the uses to which they are put, the policy aim is to make sure that the law of trusts is clear and coherent and can respond appropriately to modern conditions. The huge variety of uses to which trusts are put also presents a challenge, as the bill must work equally as well for large-scale commercial or charitable trusts as it does for small-scale family trusts.

As for some of the key changes that the bill makes, it updates the powers and duties of trustees, including introducing a non-judicial method for removing trustees; restates trustees’ power of investments; sets out trustees’ duty of care and duty to provide information to beneficiaries; and confers a number of important powers on the court, including a new power to alter trust purposes after the 25-year period has elapsed.

There are also two provisions on succession law, one of which is technical and is intended to clear up potential confusion in the drafting of a section in the Succession (Scotland) Act 2016. The other, more substantive provision makes changes to the order of intestate succession so that the spouse or civil partner of a person who has no children and who dies without leaving a will inherits the entire estate of the deceased. That important change reflects what many people expect to happen already, but which is not actually reflected in the current law.

The committee has heard from a number of stakeholders who have welcomed and have been positive about the bill. I am aware that points of detail have been raised, which I am sure that we will come on to discuss. I would like to say at this stage that I am willing to work with the committee on some of the issues that have been raised with you, and I am happy to take any questions.

Not at this stage, no.

The law of succession affects everyone, but it can also divide opinion. The committee has heard that, although everyone agrees that the law of succession needs reforming, there is no consensus on what those reforms should be. It has heard about possible reforms to the financial provision for cohabitants when one partner dies, which the Scottish Government has consulted on previously.

Any amendment to the relevant timescale would need to address the issue of scope and it would fragment the law in the area. Recently, the SLC has published a report on financial provision in the case of the breakdown of a cohabiting relationship in circumstances other than death. The Scottish Government will give consideration to a revised definition of cohabitants, which should extend to situations in which a cohabiting relationship ends by way of death, including the relevant timescale.

On the risks of abuse, section 7 contains a number of safeguards against abuse of the power by trustees. First, a majority of the trustees must agree before a co-trustee can be removed from office; the power cannot be exercised by a minority of trustees or a single trustee acting without the support of a majority. Moreover, if a trustee abuses the power, it can be challenged in court. Trustees who wrongfully remove co-trustees might be in breach of a fiduciary duty and might find themselves removed, and if they have acted negligently or in bad faith, they can be personally liable for court expenses. My view is that the bill contains sufficient safeguards to ensure that trustees exercise the power appropriately, but I will ask whether any of my officials want to add further to the history behind this.

I am happy to take on any recommendations that the committee makes.

Perhaps my officials might want to come in on that point.

In terms of accessibility for laypersons, I am confident that the bill represents a vast improvement on what we currently have under the 1921 act and in other trust legislation. Given that trusts are used in a widely varied and ever-changing range of circumstances, producing and maintaining guidance that accommodates the breadth of purposes to which they are put would be a significant undertaking.

The Government has set out its priorities for this parliamentary session. I take on board Mr Balfour’s points regarding enhancing accessibility to people who are volunteering, but at this stage I think that any sort of campaign in that respect would not be a good use of public resources.

I am not concerned that it is going to put people off, but I am willing to consider the issue further. I will bring in my officials, who might be able to give you some history on the work that has been done previously.